BSD Tips and Tricks

rvp

Draw a ruler at the bottom of the screen. Useful for a variety of reasons.
If some program erases the scrolling-region ruler, simply do ruler on again to restore.
If you have xterm >= 371, then you get a persistent status-line ruler.
Turn off using ruler off

ruler

#!/bin/sh
#
# ruler: show a ruler at the bottom of the screen.
# Usage: ruler on|off
#
# Do `ruler on' again if some program erases the scrolling-region ruler.
# The status-line ruler currently needs xterm >= 371

set -eu
me=${0##*/}

# Usage
#
usage() {
	echo "Show a ruler at the bottom of the screen."
	echo "Usage: $me on|off"
}

# Make a ruler line
#
mkruler() {
	local s=".........1.........2.........3.........4.........5.........6.........7.........8.........9.........0"
	local c=$1 i=0 n

	while [ $i -lt $c ]
	do	n=$(( (c-i) <= ${#s} ? (c-i) : ${#s} ))
		printf "%.*s" $n $s
		i=$((i + n))
	done
}

# Save current attributes and cursor position
#
save() {
	tput sc
}

# Restore saved attributes and cursor position
#
rest() {
	tput rc
}

# Move cursor to specified ROW ($1) COL ($2)
#
move() {
	$tcap && { tput cm $(($2 - 1)) $(($1 - 1)); return $?; } ||
		 { tput cup $(($1 - 1)) $(($2 - 1)); return $?; }
}

# Set bold mode
#
bold() {
	$tcap && { tput md; return $?; } || { tput bold; return $?; }
}

# Set scrolling region from START ($1) to END ($2) lines
#
csr() {
	$tcap && { tput cs $(($2 - 1)) $(($1 - 1)); return $?; } ||
		 { tput csr $(($1 - 1)) $(($2 - 1)); return $?; }
}

# Clear to end of line
#
ceol() {
	$tcap && { tput ce; return $?; } || { tput el; return $?; }
}

# Make user-defined status-line (DECSSDT/DECSASD)
# (xterm >= 371)
#
mkdecsl() {
	printf '\033[2$~'		# set user-defined status-line
	printf '\033[1$}'		# switch to status-line
	bold
	mkruler $COLS
	printf '\033[0$}'		# switch to main display
}

# Remove status-line
#
rmdecsl() {
	printf '\033[0$~'		# no status-line
}

# Make scrolling-region-based status-line (DECSTBM)
# (almost all VT100-compatible terminals)
#
mkcsrsl() {
	move $ROWS 1			# move to last line
	bold
	mkruler $COLS
	csr 1 $((ROWS-1))		# make scrolling-region excl. last line
}

# Remove scrolling-region-based status-line
#
rmcsrsl() {
	move $ROWS 1			# move to last line
	ceol				# clear ruler
	csr 1 $ROWS			# put back default scrolling-region
}

# Do a DECRQSS query and return response
#
rqss() {
	local B='\' E=$(printf '\033') S="" ch esc=false run=true ttyst

	ttyst=$(stty -g)		# save term state
	stty cbreak -echo min 0 time 1
	printf %s "$1" >/dev/tty
	while $run			# read until string-terminator: ESC \
	do	ch=$(dd bs=1 count=1 2>/dev/null || true)
		case "$ch" in
		"")	break ;;	# timeout
		"$E")	esc=true ;;
		"$B")	$esc && run=false ;;
		*)	esc=false ;;
		esac
		S="$S$ch"		# collect response
	done
	stty "$ttyst"			# restore saved state

	printf %s "$S"
}

# Check if terminal has DECSSDT/DECSASD, or, if we must use DECSTBM
# by using DECRQSS
#
okdecsl() {
#	local DECSTBM=$(rqss "$(printf '\033P$qr\033\\')")
	local DECSSDT=$(rqss "$(printf '\033P$q$}\033\\')")
	local DECSASD=$(rqss "$(printf '\033P$q$~\033\\')")

#	echo "$DECSTBM" | egrep -q "$(printf '^\033P1\\$r.+r\033\\\\$')" \
#		&& DECSTBM=true || DECSTBM=false
	echo "$DECSSDT" | egrep -q "$(printf '^\033P1\\$r.+\\$\\}\033\\\\$')" \
		&& DECSSDT=true || DECSSDT=false
	echo "$DECSASD" | egrep -q "$(printf '^\033P1\\$r.+\\$~\033\\\\$')" \
		&& DECSASD=true || DECSASD=false

	if $DECSSDT && $DECSASD
	then	return 0		# has status-line capability
	else	return 1		# assume has scrolling-region
	fi
}

# Check if we need to use termcap (FreeBSD) or terminfo (NetBSD/Linux)
#
oktinfo() {
	local rc

	save
	tput cup 0 0 >/dev/null
	rc=$?
	rest
	return $rc
}




# S T A R T
#
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then	usage 1>&2
	exit 1 
fi

okdecsl && sl=true || sl=false
oktinfo && tcap=false || tcap=true
arg=$1
set -- $(stty size)
ROWS=$1
COLS=$2

case $arg in
on)	save
	$sl && mkdecsl || mkcsrsl
	rest
	;;
off)	save
	$sl && rmdecsl || rmcsrsl
	rest
	;;
-h)	usage
	exit 0
	;;
*)	echo >&2 "$me: don't know \`$arg'. Try -h."
	exit 1
	;;
esac

Xterm >= 371 implements the DEC status-line escape-sequences (if compiled).

Enable the default status-line using:

printf '\033[1$~'

Disable it using:

printf '\033[0$~'

or ruler off

JuvenalUrbino

@kamil what's the current state of sailor? I was thinking about running some services in a dedicated container.

rvp

Some nc tricks:

1. Remote shell

Start server

mkfifo f
<f sh -i 2>&1 | nc -l 9998 >f

Run client

nc -N localhost 9998

This example is from the Linux man-page. (Missing in the *BSDs.)

Note:

You won't get any command-line editing, nor be able to run full-screen programs like vi.
(But, everyone here already knows how to use ed, right?)

2. SOCKS5 proxy for non-SOCKS clients

Standard lynx doesn't support the SOCKS protocol, so if you want to use TOR to connect to, let's say the NNTP server at retrobsd.ddns.net, then you'd usually have to install socat. However, since nc is already in base, let's use that.
Assuming your TOR server runs on localhost:9050:

Start proxy forwarder

mkfifo f
<f nc -xlocalhost:9050 retrobsd.ddns.net 119 | nc -l 9999 >f

Run client

lynx nntp://localhost:9999/

and you should be connected to the fine NNTP server at retrobsd.ddns.net via TOR.

Note:

The forwarder will quit when the client exits. Run the command in a loop if you want to service multiple (serial, not simultaneous) clients.
This technique isn't suitable for protocols like HTTP or Gopher where the client send a request, the server responds and then closes the connection. Due to the way nc works, it won't quit until the local client (like lynx) tries to send another request (which won't happen).
Add a -w1 before -x... for "fix" this issue; but it's an ugly hack nonetheless.
Another reason why this is not suitable for HTTP, Gopher, Gemini etc. is that these exist to provide links to other, external, sites. Links to the same site will use the forwarder, but, links to a different site will cause the browser to make a direct connection. Ie. this technique is not a general-purpose $http_proxy

rvp

Display text in the middle of the screen (pass -c to centre every line). Useful for reading e-books, man-pages (hint: col -bx) etc.

middle.awk

#!/usr/bin/awk -f
#
# Display text of each FILE in the middle of the screen.
# With `-c', centre each line.
#
# Usage: middle.awk [-- -c] [FILE...]

function getcols(	a, cmd, col, s) {
	col = ENVIRON["COLUMNS"] + 0
	if (col > 0)			# user override
		return col
	cmd = "stty -f /dev/tty size 2>/dev/null"
	cmd | getline s
	close(cmd)
	split(s, a)
	col = a[2] + 0
	return (col > 0) ? col : 80
}

function strip(str,	s) {
	s = str
	sub(/^[[:blank:]]+/, "", s)	# leading blanks
	sub(/[[:blank:]]+$/, "", s)	# trailing  "
	return s
}

function len(str,	a, i, ln, n) {	# compute length of str,
					#  accounting for backspace.
	n = split(str, a, "")
	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		(a[i] == "\b") ? ln-- : ln++
	if (ln < 0) ln = 0
	return ln
}

function pr(L, N,	i, n) {
	for (i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
		n = COLS/2 - LL/2
		if (n < 0) n = 0	# hopeless: line len. > scr. width
		printf "%*s%s\n", n, "", L[i]
	}
}

BEGIN {
	STYLE = "middle"		# default
	if (ARGV[1] == "-c") {
		STYLE = "centre"
		ARGV[1] = ""
	}
	COLS = getcols()
}

{
	if (STYLE == "middle") {
		if (FN != FILENAME) {	# new file
			FN = FILENAME
			pr(L, N)	# print saved prev. file
			LL = N = 0	# reset
		}
		if ((n = len($0)) > LL) LL = n
		L[++N] = $0
	} else {			# STYLE == "centre"
		s = strip($0)
		n = COLS/2 + length(s)/2
		printf "%*s\n", n, s
	}
}

END {
	if (STYLE == "middle")
		pr(L, N)
}

rvp

Colours in less (nice when viewing man-pages). For example:

$ export LESS='--use-color -DN240$Dd+w$Du+C$'
$ man 2 open

will show line-numbers (if enabled with -N) in grey, bold text as bold+white, and underlined text as underlined bold+cyan (as Slackware used to back in the day).

See the description of the -D flag in the man-page for more details.

pfr

rvp

~ λ export LESS='--use-color -DN240$Dd+w$Du+C$'
~ λ cat nsxiv-play.sh | less
There is no use-color -DN240$Dd+w$Du+C$ option ("less --help" for help)

rvp

Batch rename files using sed

bren.sh

#!/bin/sh

set -eu
me=${0##*/}

usage() {
	cat <<EoF
$me: Batch rename files using sed(1).
Generates new name by applying SED-CMD to each FILE.

Usage: $me [-nv] SED-CMD FILE...
  -n	no execute (implies -v)
  -v	verbose operation

Eg: $me 's/jpg$/png/' *.jpg

EoF
}

# Defaults
#
noexec=false
verbose=false

while getopts nv opt
do	case $opt in
	n)	noexec=true
		verbose=true
		;;
	v)	verbose=true
		;;
	\?)	usage >&2
		exit 1
		;;
	esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))

[ $# -lt 2 ] && { usage >&2; exit 1; }

cmd=$1		# sed cmd. usually, s/BRE/repl/
shift

for f
do	F=$(basename "$f")	# we work only on filenames,
	D=$(dirname "$f")	# and use the same directory.
	new=$(echo "$F" | sed "$cmd")	# dis be it, mon.
	[ "$F" = "$new" ] && continue	# no match--skip
	F="$D/$new"
	if [ -f "$F" ]
	then	echo >&2 "$me: $F: exists--skipping"
		continue
	fi
	$verbose && echo /bin/mv -i "$f" "$F"
	$noexec || /bin/mv -i "$f" "$F"
done

rvp

pfr You need less >= 581. Compile it yourself: the one in pkgsrc is also pretty old (@pin: please update?)

misc/less has a maintainer.

# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.29 2021/01/06 14:29:30 leot Exp $

DISTNAME=	less-563
CATEGORIES=	misc
MASTER_SITES=	http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less/

MAINTAINER=	leot@NetBSD.org
...

rvp

pin misc/less has a maintainer.

And now, @pfr knows the proper protocol.

@pfr Fixed, http://mail-index.netbsd.org/pkgsrc-changes/2022/09/15/msg260595.html

rvp

This stuff was written ages ago. Updated just now to add IPv6 support, and to use a different CSV format (more than doubling the code in the process...). I use it all the time.

Setup:

Put the shell scripts in $HOME/bin
Get the CSV DB from here. Compress it (xz recommended; change the ip2c.sh script otherwise) to save space (1.6 MB vs. 20 MB), then copy the .xz file into $HOME/lib
Compile the C source. (Parsing half a million lines or so in awk is just too bloody slow.)

Usage:

Run the ns.sh to see which countries you're connected to. Or, if you run a server or serve torrent, where your connections come from. Won't work on Linux because the netstat command is different. The help message is pretty self-explanatory. I mostly use just the -l and -e flags.

The ip2c.sh can be run standalone to check specific IP addresses/hostnames.

IPv6 not entirely tested--my ISP/router doesn't do IPv6, and I haven't bothered to find out why.

Enjoy.

ns.sh

#!/bin/sh
#
# Show countries hosting IP addresses in the "Foreign Address"
# field of a `netstat -n -f inet,inet6' output.
#
# Requires the `ip2c' program and its CSV database file.
# A user supplied database can be specified using the `-f file' option.
#
# The "Foreign Address" field will be sorted (IPv4 only) numerically in
# ascending order. The `-n' flag turns off this sorting. The `-r' flag
# reverses the sort order.

set -eu
(set -o pipefail 2>/dev/null) && set -o pipefail
me=${0##*/}

usage()
{
	cat <<EoF
Usage: $me [-ehls] [-f dbfile] [-n|-r]
Show countries hosting IP addresses in the "Foreign Address" field
of a \`netstat -n -f inet,inet6' output on *BSD systems.

Requires the \`ip2c' program and its CSV database file.
The "Foreign Address" field will be sorted in ascending order.

  -e       Show only established connections
  -f file  Use CSV database \`file' instead of the ip2c default
  -h       Show this help message
  -l       Show country name instead of the ISO 3166 2-letter code
  -n       Do not sort the "Foreign Address" field
  -r       Reverse the usual sort order (makes it descending)
  -s       Run netstat(1) as superuser

Note: only IPv4 addresses are sorted.
EoF
}

# Defaults
doestab=false
dosort=true
dorev=false
sucmd=exec
ipopts=""

while getopts ef:hlnrs opt
do	case $opt in
	e)	doestab=true
		;;
	f)	ipopts="$ipopts -f $OPTARG"
		;;
	h)	usage
		exit 0
		;;
	l)	ipopts="$ipopts -l"
		;;
	n)	dosort=false
		;;
	r)	dosort=true
		dorev=true
		;;
	s)	sucmd=sudo
		;;
	\?)	usage >&2
		exit 1
		;;
	esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))

if $doestab
then	S="egrep '^Active|^Proto|ESTAB'"
else	S="cat"
fi

if $dosort	# only for IPv4 addrs.
then	P='([^ ]+ +)'
	pre=" sed -Ee 's/$P$P$P$P$P$P(.+)/\\\5\\\1\\\2\\\3\\\4\\\6\\\7/'"
	post="sed -Ee 's/$P$P$P$P$P$P(.+)/\\\2\\\3\\\4\\\5\\\1\\\6\\\7/'"
	if $dorev
	then	sort='sort -s -t. -k1,1nr -k2,2nr -k3,3nr -k4,4nr'
	else	sort='sort -s -t. -k1,1n  -k2,2n  -k3,3n  -k4,4n'
	fi
	S="$S | $pre | $sort | $post"
fi

OS=$(uname -s)
case $OS in
FreeBSD)	nopts="-p tcp"
		;;
NetBSD|OpenBSD)	nopts="-f inet,inet6"
		;;
*)		echo >&2 "$me: $OS: OS not supported."
		exit 1
		;;
esac

$sucmd netstat -n $nopts |
awk -v icmd="ip2c.sh $ipopts" -v scmd="$S" 'BEGIN {
	MAX = 0
	iplist = ""
	IPv4 = "^([0-9]{1,3}\\.){4}[0-9]+$"	# IPv4 field: addr. + port
	IPv6 = "^[[:xdigit:]:]+\\.[0-9]+$"	# IPv6		"
}
$5 !~ IPv4 && $5 !~ IPv6 {		# lines w/o IP addresses
	L[NR] = $0			# save orig. line
}
$5 ~ IPv4 || $5 ~ IPv6 {		# lines with IP addresses
	L[NR] = $0			# save orig. line
	if (length > MAX)
		MAX = length
	sub(/\.[0-9]+$/, "", $5)	# get rid of port number
	C[$5] = "??"			# show ?? in case of error
	iplist = iplist " " $5		# make args for "ip2c"
	IP[NR] = $5			# save IP address for later
}
END {
	icmd = icmd iplist " 2>/dev/null"
	while (icmd | getline line) {
		split(line, a, /: /)
		C[a[1]] = a[2]		# replace ?? with actual country
	}
	close(icmd)
	for (i = 1; i <= NR; i++)
		if (i in IP) {		# show country matching IP address
			if ($5 ~ IPv6)	# IPv6 lines not sorted
				printf "%-*s %s\n", MAX, L[i], C[IP[i]]
			else
				printf "%-*s %s\n", MAX, L[i], C[IP[i]] | scmd
		} else {		# lines w/o IP addresses
			if (L[i] ~ /^Proto/)
				printf "%-*s %s\n", MAX, L[i], "Country"
			else
				print L[i]
		}
	close(scmd)
}'

ip2c.sh

#!/bin/sh

set -eu
(set -o pipefail 2>/dev/null) && set -o pipefail

exec xz -dc ~/lib/dbip-country-lite-*.csv.xz | ip2c -f - "$@"

ip2c.c

/**
 * Show countries hosting IP addresses or hostnames.
 *
 * Get the CSV database from:
 * https://db-ip.com/db/download/ip-to-country-lite
 */
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>		/* PATH_MAX */
#include <search.h>		/* hcreate(), hsearch(), ... */
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>		/* getopt() */

/* Declarations */
struct ctry {
	char* iso;		/* ISO 3166 2-letter country code */
	char* name;		/* Country name */
};

struct db {
	union {
		struct in_addr in;
		struct in6_addr in6;
	} min; 			/* IP address range min */
	union {
		struct in_addr in;
		struct in6_addr in6;
	} max; 			/* IP address range max */
	struct ctry* ctp;	/* entry in `ctrys' array */
};

struct dbhdr {
	struct db* dbp;		/* (allocated) DB array */
	size_t nip4;		/* no. of IPv4 addrs. in DB */
	size_t nip6;		/* no. of IPv6 addrs. in DB */
	size_t sip4;		/* start idx of IPv4 addrs. in DB */
	size_t sip6;		/* start idx of IPv6 addrs. in DB */
};

static char* dblook(struct dbhdr* dhp, struct sockaddr* sa);
static char* getdbfile(void);
static char* getnm(int argc, char* argv[]);
static int cmpip4(const void* key, const void* entry);
static int cmpip6(const void* key, const void* entry);
static int do_opts(int argc, char* argv[]);
static int getflds(char* line, int af, void* saddr, void* eaddr, struct ctry** ctp);
static int getip(char* host, struct sockaddr* sa);
static int is_gt(int af, void* addr1, void* addr2);
static int is_lt(int af, void* addr1, void* addr2);
static struct ctry* ctlook(char* iso);
static void* Realloc(void* ptr, size_t size);
static void ctmk(void);
static void dbmk(FILE* fp, struct dbhdr* dhp);
static void E(const char* fmt, ...);
static void W(const char* fmt, ...);
static void prerr(char* host, struct sockaddr* sa);
static void usage(void);

/* Globals */
static char* prog;		/* Program name */

static struct options {		/* Program options */
	char* file;		/* IP-to-country CSV database file name */
	int longname;		/* Show name instead of ISO 3166 code if 1 */
} opts;

/*
 * ISO 3166 codes and corresponding country names from:
 *
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2
 */
static struct ctry ctrys[] = {
	{ "AD", "Andorra" },
	{ "AE", "United Arab Emirates" },
	{ "AF", "Afghanistan" },
	{ "AG", "Antigua and Barbuda" },
	{ "AI", "Anguilla" },
	{ "AL", "Albania" },
	{ "AM", "Armenia" },
	{ "AO", "Angola" },
	{ "AQ", "Antarctica" },
	{ "AR", "Argentina" },
	{ "AS", "American Samoa" },
	{ "AT", "Austria" },
	{ "AU", "Australia" },
	{ "AW", "Aruba" },
	{ "AX", "Åland Islands" },
	{ "AZ", "Azerbaijan" },
	{ "BA", "Bosnia and Herzegovina" },
	{ "BB", "Barbados" },
	{ "BD", "Bangladesh" },
	{ "BE", "Belgium" },
	{ "BF", "Burkina Faso" },
	{ "BG", "Bulgaria" },
	{ "BH", "Bahrain" },
	{ "BI", "Burundi" },
	{ "BJ", "Benin" },
	{ "BL", "Saint Barthélemy" },
	{ "BM", "Bermuda" },
	{ "BN", "Brunei Darussalam" },
	{ "BO", "Bolivia (Plurinational State of)" },
	{ "BQ", "Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" },
	{ "BR", "Brazil" },
	{ "BS", "Bahamas" },
	{ "BT", "Bhutan" },
	{ "BV", "Bouvet Island" },
	{ "BW", "Botswana" },
	{ "BY", "Belarus" },
	{ "BZ", "Belize" },
	{ "CA", "Canada" },
	{ "CC", "Cocos (Keeling) Islands" },
	{ "CD", "Congo, Democratic Republic of the" },
	{ "CF", "Central African Republic" },
	{ "CG", "Congo" },
	{ "CH", "Switzerland" },
	{ "CI", "Côte d'Ivoire" },
	{ "CK", "Cook Islands" },
	{ "CL", "Chile" },
	{ "CM", "Cameroon" },
	{ "CN", "China" },
	{ "CO", "Colombia" },
	{ "CR", "Costa Rica" },
	{ "CU", "Cuba" },
	{ "CV", "Cabo Verde" },
	{ "CW", "Curaçao" },
	{ "CX", "Christmas Island" },
	{ "CY", "Cyprus" },
	{ "CZ", "Czechia" },
	{ "DE", "Germany" },
	{ "DJ", "Djibouti" },
	{ "DK", "Denmark" },
	{ "DM", "Dominica" },
	{ "DO", "Dominican Republic" },
	{ "DZ", "Algeria" },
	{ "EC", "Ecuador" },
	{ "EE", "Estonia" },
	{ "EG", "Egypt" },
	{ "EH", "Western Sahara" },
	{ "ER", "Eritrea" },
	{ "ES", "Spain" },
	{ "ET", "Ethiopia" },
	{ "FI", "Finland" },
	{ "FJ", "Fiji" },
	{ "FK", "Falkland Islands (Malvinas)" },
	{ "FM", "Micronesia (Federated States of)" },
	{ "FO", "Faroe Islands" },
	{ "FR", "France" },
	{ "GA", "Gabon" },
	{ "GB", "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" },
	{ "GD", "Grenada" },
	{ "GE", "Georgia" },
	{ "GF", "French Guiana" },
	{ "GG", "Guernsey" },
	{ "GH", "Ghana" },
	{ "GI", "Gibraltar" },
	{ "GL", "Greenland" },
	{ "GM", "Gambia" },
	{ "GN", "Guinea" },
	{ "GP", "Guadeloupe" },
	{ "GQ", "Equatorial Guinea" },
	{ "GR", "Greece" },
	{ "GS", "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" },
	{ "GT", "Guatemala" },
	{ "GU", "Guam" },
	{ "GW", "Guinea-Bissau" },
	{ "GY", "Guyana" },
	{ "HK", "Hong Kong" },
	{ "HM", "Heard Island and McDonald Islands" },
	{ "HN", "Honduras" },
	{ "HR", "Croatia" },
	{ "HT", "Haiti" },
	{ "HU", "Hungary" },
	{ "ID", "Indonesia" },
	{ "IE", "Ireland" },
	{ "IL", "Israel" },
	{ "IM", "Isle of Man" },
	{ "IN", "India" },
	{ "IO", "British Indian Ocean Territory" },
	{ "IQ", "Iraq" },
	{ "IR", "Iran (Islamic Republic of)" },
	{ "IS", "Iceland" },
	{ "IT", "Italy" },
	{ "JE", "Jersey" },
	{ "JM", "Jamaica" },
	{ "JO", "Jordan" },
	{ "JP", "Japan" },
	{ "KE", "Kenya" },
	{ "KG", "Kyrgyzstan" },
	{ "KH", "Cambodia" },
	{ "KI", "Kiribati" },
	{ "KM", "Comoros" },
	{ "KN", "Saint Kitts and Nevis" },
	{ "KP", "Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)" },
	{ "KR", "Korea, Republic of" },
	{ "KW", "Kuwait" },
	{ "KY", "Cayman Islands" },
	{ "KZ", "Kazakhstan" },
	{ "LA", "Lao People's Democratic Republic" },
	{ "LB", "Lebanon" },
	{ "LC", "Saint Lucia" },
	{ "LI", "Liechtenstein" },
	{ "LK", "Sri Lanka" },
	{ "LR", "Liberia" },
	{ "LS", "Lesotho" },
	{ "LT", "Lithuania" },
	{ "LU", "Luxembourg" },
	{ "LV", "Latvia" },
	{ "LY", "Libya" },
	{ "MA", "Morocco" },
	{ "MC", "Monaco" },
	{ "MD", "Moldova, Republic of" },
	{ "ME", "Montenegro" },
	{ "MF", "Saint Martin (French part)" },
	{ "MG", "Madagascar" },
	{ "MH", "Marshall Islands" },
	{ "MK", "North Macedonia" },
	{ "ML", "Mali" },
	{ "MM", "Myanmar" },
	{ "MN", "Mongolia" },
	{ "MO", "Macao" },
	{ "MP", "Northern Mariana Islands" },
	{ "MQ", "Martinique" },
	{ "MR", "Mauritania" },
	{ "MS", "Montserrat" },
	{ "MT", "Malta" },
	{ "MU", "Mauritius" },
	{ "MV", "Maldives" },
	{ "MW", "Malawi" },
	{ "MX", "Mexico" },
	{ "MY", "Malaysia" },
	{ "MZ", "Mozambique" },
	{ "NA", "Namibia" },
	{ "NC", "New Caledonia" },
	{ "NE", "Niger" },
	{ "NF", "Norfolk Island" },
	{ "NG", "Nigeria" },
	{ "NI", "Nicaragua" },
	{ "NL", "Netherlands" },
	{ "NO", "Norway" },
	{ "NP", "Nepal" },
	{ "NR", "Nauru" },
	{ "NU", "Niue" },
	{ "NZ", "New Zealand" },
	{ "OM", "Oman" },
	{ "PA", "Panama" },
	{ "PE", "Peru" },
	{ "PF", "French Polynesia" },
	{ "PG", "Papua New Guinea" },
	{ "PH", "Philippines" },
	{ "PK", "Pakistan" },
	{ "PL", "Poland" },
	{ "PM", "Saint Pierre and Miquelon" },
	{ "PN", "Pitcairn" },
	{ "PR", "Puerto Rico" },
	{ "PS", "Palestine, State of" },
	{ "PT", "Portugal" },
	{ "PW", "Palau" },
	{ "PY", "Paraguay" },
	{ "QA", "Qatar" },
	{ "RE", "Réunion" },
	{ "RO", "Romania" },
	{ "RS", "Serbia" },
	{ "RU", "Russian Federation" },
	{ "RW", "Rwanda" },
	{ "SA", "Saudi Arabia" },
	{ "SB", "Solomon Islands" },
	{ "SC", "Seychelles" },
	{ "SD", "Sudan" },
	{ "SE", "Sweden" },
	{ "SG", "Singapore" },
	{ "SH", "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" },
	{ "SI", "Slovenia" },
	{ "SJ", "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" },
	{ "SK", "Slovakia" },
	{ "SL", "Sierra Leone" },
	{ "SM", "San Marino" },
	{ "SN", "Senegal" },
	{ "SO", "Somalia" },
	{ "SR", "Suriname" },
	{ "SS", "South Sudan" },
	{ "ST", "Sao Tome and Principe" },
	{ "SV", "El Salvador" },
	{ "SX", "Sint Maarten (Dutch part)" },
	{ "SY", "Syrian Arab Republic" },
	{ "SZ", "Eswatini" },
	{ "TC", "Turks and Caicos Islands" },
	{ "TD", "Chad" },
	{ "TF", "French Southern Territories" },
	{ "TG", "Togo" },
	{ "TH", "Thailand" },
	{ "TJ", "Tajikistan" },
	{ "TK", "Tokelau" },
	{ "TL", "Timor-Leste" },
	{ "TM", "Turkmenistan" },
	{ "TN", "Tunisia" },
	{ "TO", "Tonga" },
	{ "TR", "Türkiye" },
	{ "TT", "Trinidad and Tobago" },
	{ "TV", "Tuvalu" },
	{ "TW", "Taiwan, Province of China" },
	{ "TZ", "Tanzania, United Republic of" },
	{ "UA", "Ukraine" },
	{ "UG", "Uganda" },
	{ "UM", "United States Minor Outlying Islands" },
	{ "US", "United States of America" },
	{ "UY", "Uruguay" },
	{ "UZ", "Uzbekistan" },
	{ "VA", "Holy See" },
	{ "VC", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" },
	{ "VE", "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)" },
	{ "VG", "Virgin Islands (British)" },
	{ "VI", "Virgin Islands (U.S.)" },
	{ "VN", "Viet Nam" },
	{ "VU", "Vanuatu" },
	{ "WF", "Wallis and Futuna" },
	{ "WS", "Samoa" },
	{ "XK", "Kosovo" },	/* XXX: addition */
	{ "YE", "Yemen" },
	{ "YT", "Mayotte" },
	{ "ZA", "South Africa" },
	{ "ZM", "Zambia" },
	{ "ZW", "Zimbabwe" },
	{ "ZZ", "Unknown" }
};




/**
 * M A I N
 */
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	struct dbhdr dbhdr;
	int i;
	FILE* fp;
	
	prog = getnm(argc, argv);
	i = do_opts(argc, argv);
	argc -= i; argv += i;
	if (argc == 0) {
		usage();
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	if (strcmp(opts.file, "-") == 0) {
		opts.file = "<stdin>";
		fp = stdin;
	} else
		fp = fopen(opts.file, "r");
	if (fp == NULL) {
		E("%s: can't open CSV database file.", opts.file);
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	ctmk();
	dbmk(fp, &dbhdr);		/* convert CSV data into `db' array */
	if (fp != stdin)
		fclose(fp);		/* no longer needed */

	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
		uint64_t buf[8];	/* 64 bytes 8-byte aligned blob */
		struct sockaddr* sa = (struct sockaddr* )buf;

		if (getip(argv[i], sa)) {
			char* ctry = dblook(&dbhdr, sa);
			if (ctry != NULL)
				printf("%s: %s\n", argv[i], ctry);
			else
				prerr(argv[i], sa);
		}
	}

	free(dbhdr.dbp);
	hdestroy();

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

static void
dbmk(FILE* fp, struct dbhdr* dhp)
{
	size_t dbsz, ndb, nip4, nip6, sip4, sip6, lineno;
	enum state { INIT, INV4, INV6 } state;
	struct db* db;
	char line[128];

	state = INIT;
	db = NULL;
	dbsz = ndb = nip4 = nip6 = sip4 = sip6 = lineno = 0;

	while (fgets(line, sizeof line, fp) != NULL) {
		struct in_addr sin4 = { 0 }, ein4 = { 0 };	/* placate compiler */
		struct in6_addr sin6 = { 0 }, ein6 = { 0 };	/*	"	*/
		struct ctry* ctp;
		void* saddr = NULL, *eaddr = NULL;		/*	"	*/
		int af = -1;					/*	"	*/

		lineno++;
		if (lineno == 1 && strncmp(line, "::", 2) && strchr(line, '.')) {
			state = INV4;
			sip4 = ndb;
		} else if (lineno > 1 && !strncmp(line, "::", 2) && state == INV4) {
			state = INV6;
			sip6 = ndb;
		}
		switch (state) {
		case INV4:
			af = AF_INET;
			saddr = &sin4;
			eaddr = &ein4;
			break;
		case INV6:
			af = AF_INET6;
			saddr = &sin6;
			eaddr = &ein6;
			break;
		case INIT:
			W("%s: bad CSV file", opts.file);
			free(db);
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		if (getflds(line, af, saddr, eaddr, &ctp) == 0) {
			W("%s:%zu: bad CSV line: %s", opts.file, lineno, line);
			free(db);
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		/* Grow array if needed. */
		if (ndb == dbsz) {
			dbsz = (dbsz == 0) ? 512*1024 : dbsz * 2;
			if (dbsz > 512 * 1024 * 1024) {
				W("error: >512MB allocated");
				free(db);
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			db = Realloc(db, dbsz * sizeof (struct db));
		}
		switch (state) {
		case INV4:
			db[ndb].min.in = sin4;
			db[ndb].max.in = ein4;
			nip4++;
			break;
		case INV6:
			db[ndb].min.in6 = sin6;
			db[ndb].max.in6 = ein6;
			nip6++;
			break;
		case INIT:	/* pacify compiler */
			W("invalid state");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		} 
		db[ndb].ctp = ctp;
		ndb++;
	}

	if (ndb == 0) {
		W("%s: empty DB", opts.file);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	dhp->dbp = db;
	dhp->nip4 = nip4;
	dhp->nip6 = nip6;
	dhp->sip4 = sip4;
	dhp->sip6 = sip6;
}

static int
getflds(char* line, int af, void* saddr, void* eaddr, struct ctry** ctp)
{
	char *p, *s, buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	size_t n;

	/* start of IP address range */
	s = line;
	if ((p = strchr(s, ',')) == NULL || (n = p - s) >= INET6_ADDRSTRLEN)
		return 0;
	strncpy(buf, s, n); buf[n] = '\0';
	if (inet_pton(af, buf, saddr) != 1)
		return 0;

	/* end of IP address range */
	s = p + 1;
	if ((p = strchr(s, ',')) == NULL || (n = p - s) >= INET6_ADDRSTRLEN)
		return 0;
	strncpy(buf, s, n); buf[n] = '\0';
	if (inet_pton(af, buf, eaddr) != 1)
		return 0;

	if (is_lt(af, eaddr, saddr))	/* XXX: check is sorted too? */
		return 0;

	/* ISO 3166 two-letter country code */
	s = p + 1;
	if ((p = strchr(s, '\n')) == NULL || (n = p - s) > 2)
		return 0;
	strncpy(buf, s, n); buf[n] = '\0';
	if ((*ctp = ctlook(buf)) == NULL) {
		W("%s: country code not in internal list", buf);
		return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}

#define NELEM(x) (sizeof (x) / sizeof (x[0]))
static void
ctmk(void)
{
	ENTRY item;

	if (hcreate(NELEM(ctrys)) == 0) {
		E("can't create hash table.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEM(ctrys); i++) {
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
		char* s;
		if ((s = strdup(ctrys[i].iso)) == NULL) {
			E("%s: out of memory.", __func__);
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		item.key = s;
#else
		item.key = ctrys[i].iso;
#endif
		item.data = &ctrys[i];
		if (hsearch(item, ENTER) == NULL) {
			E("hash table full.");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	}
}

static struct ctry*
ctlook(char* iso)
{
	ENTRY item, *ent;

	item.key = iso;
	item.data = NULL;	/* appease static-analyzer */
	if ((ent = hsearch(item, FIND)) == NULL)
		return NULL;
	return ent->data;
}

#if 0		/* binary search of (sorted) country list */
#define NELEM(x) (sizeof (x) / sizeof (x[0]))
static struct ctry*
ctlook(char* iso)
{
	return bsearch(iso, ctrys, NELEM(ctrys), sizeof ctrys[0], cmpiso);
}

static int
cmpiso(const void* key, const void* entry)
{
	return strcmp((const char* )key, ((const struct ctry* )entry)->iso);
}
#endif

static int
getip(char* host, struct sockaddr* sa)
{
	struct addrinfo *res0 = NULL;
	int rc;

	rc = getaddrinfo(host, NULL, NULL, &res0);
	if (rc) {
		W("%s: DNS lookup failed: %s", host, gai_strerror(rc));
		return 0;
	}
	/* pure paranoia... */
	if ((res0->ai_family != AF_INET && res0->ai_family != AF_INET6) ||
	     res0->ai_addrlen > 64 || res0->ai_addrlen <= 4) {
		W("bad DNS server response");
		return 0;
	}
	memcpy(sa, res0->ai_addr, res0->ai_addrlen);
	freeaddrinfo(res0);

	return 1;
}

static char*
dblook(struct dbhdr* dhp, struct sockaddr* sa)
{
	struct db* ent;

	switch (sa->sa_family) {
	case AF_INET: {
		struct db* dbp = dhp->dbp + dhp->sip4;
		size_t nip = dhp->nip4;
		struct sockaddr_in* sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
		void* ip = &sin->sin_addr;

		ent = bsearch(ip, dbp, nip, sizeof dbp[0], cmpip4);
		break;
	}
	case AF_INET6: {
		struct db* dbp = dhp->dbp + dhp->sip6;
		size_t nip = dhp->nip6;
		struct sockaddr_in6* sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
		void* ip6 = &sin6->sin6_addr;

		ent = bsearch(ip6, dbp, nip, sizeof dbp[0], cmpip6);
		break;
	}
	default:
		W("unknown address family");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	if (ent == NULL || ent->ctp == NULL)
		return NULL;
	if (opts.longname)
		return ent->ctp->name;
	return ent->ctp->iso;
}

static int
cmpip4(const void* key, const void* entry)
{
	struct in_addr* ip4 = (struct in_addr* )key;
	struct db* dbp = (struct db* )entry;
	uint32_t ip, min, max;

	ip = ip4->s_addr;
	min = dbp->min.in.s_addr;
	max = dbp->max.in.s_addr;

	return is_lt(AF_INET, &ip, &min) ? -1 : is_gt(AF_INET, &ip, &max);
}

static int
cmpip6(const void* key, const void* entry)
{
	struct in6_addr* ip6 = (struct in6_addr* )key;
	struct db* dbp = (struct db* )entry;

	void* ip = ip6->s6_addr;
	void* min = dbp->min.in6.s6_addr;
	void* max = dbp->max.in6.s6_addr;

	return is_lt(AF_INET6, ip, min) ? -1 : is_gt(AF_INET6, ip, max);
}

static int
is_lt(int af, void* addr1, void* addr2)
{
	uint32_t a1[4], a2[4], i;

	switch (af) {
	case AF_INET:
		return ntohl(*(uint32_t* )addr1) < ntohl(*(uint32_t* )addr2);
	case AF_INET6:
		for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			memcpy(a1 + i, (uint8_t* )addr1 + i * 4, 4);
			memcpy(a2 + i, (uint8_t* )addr2 + i * 4, 4);
			a1[i] = ntohl(a1[i]);
			a2[i] = ntohl(a2[i]);
			if (a1[i] < a2[i])
				return 1;
			if (a1[i] > a2[i])
				return 0;
		}
		return 0;
	default:
		W("unknown address family");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
}

static int
is_gt(int af, void* addr1, void* addr2)
{
	uint32_t a1[4], a2[4], i;

	switch (af) {
	case AF_INET:
		return ntohl(*(uint32_t* )addr1) > ntohl(*(uint32_t* )addr2);
	case AF_INET6:
		for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			memcpy(a1 + i, (uint8_t* )addr1 + i * 4, 4);
			memcpy(a2 + i, (uint8_t* )addr2 + i * 4, 4);
			a1[i] = ntohl(a1[i]);
			a2[i] = ntohl(a2[i]);
			if (a1[i] > a2[i])
				return 1;
			if (a1[i] < a2[i])
				return 0;
		}
		return 0;
	default:
		W("unknown address family");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
}

static void
prerr(char* host, struct sockaddr* sa)
{
	char ip[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
	struct sockaddr_in* sin;
	struct sockaddr_in6* sin6;
	void* addr;

	switch (sa->sa_family) {
	case AF_INET:
		sin = (struct sockaddr_in* )sa;
		addr = &sin->sin_addr.s_addr;
		break;
	case AF_INET6:
		sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6* )sa;
		addr = sin6->sin6_addr.s6_addr;
		break;
	default:
		W("unknown address family");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	if (inet_ntop(sa->sa_family, addr, ip, sizeof ip) == NULL)
		E("%s: inet_ntop error.", host);
	else
		W("%s[%s]: not found in CSV database", host, ip);
}

static char*
getnm(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	if (argc < 1 || argv[0] == NULL || *argv[0] == '\0')
		return "<noname>";
	return argv[0];
}

static char*
getdbfile(void)
{
	static char dbfile[PATH_MAX];
	char* home;

	if ((home = getenv("HOME")) == NULL || *home == '\0')
		strcpy(dbfile, "dbip.csv");
	else {
		strcpy(dbfile, home);
		strcat(dbfile, "/lib/dbip.csv");
	}	

	return dbfile;
}

/**
 * Process program options.
 */
static int
do_opts(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	int opt;

	/* defaults */
	opts.file = getdbfile();	/* get default CSV database filename */
	opts.longname = 0;		/* show ISO 3166 2-letter country code */

	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "f:l")) != -1) {
		switch (opt) {
		case 'f':
			opts.file = optarg;
			break;
		case 'l':
			opts.longname = 1;
			break;
		default:
			usage();
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	}

	return optind;
}

/**
 * Print usage information.
 */
static void
usage(void)
{
	fprintf(stderr,
"Usage: %s [-f file] [-l] HOSTNAME...\n"
"%s: Show countries hosting IP addresses or hostnames\n"
"\n"
"  -f file   Use the specified `file' (`-' for stdin) instead of\n"
"            the default CSV DB, `$HOME/lib/dbip.csv'.\n"
"  -l        Show country name instead of the ISO 3166 2-letter code\n"
"\n"
"Get a CSV DB from: https://db-ip.com/db/download/ip-to-country-lite\n",
		prog, prog);
}

/**
 * realloc wrapper.
 */
static void*
Realloc(void* ptr, size_t size)
{
	void* p;

	p = realloc(ptr, size);
	if (p == NULL) {
		E("realloc() failed.");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	return p;
}

/**
 * Print a warning message.
 */
static void
W(const char* fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	fflush(stdout);
	if (prog && *prog)
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", prog);
	va_start(ap, fmt);
	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	fflush(stderr);
}

/**
 * Print an error message.
 */
static void
E(const char* fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	fflush(stdout);
	if (prog && *prog)
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", prog);
	va_start(ap, fmt);
	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	if (errno != 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, " %s", strerror(errno));
		errno = 0;
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	fflush(stderr);
}

rvp

I looked into bsdfetch recently, and I noticed that it, like most other fetchers--incl. buddy @pin's favourite(?) Macchina-CLI collects all of its data in a serial fashion. A better strategy, if you want to be fast, is to:

run all the data-collection routines in parallel
wait for these to finish
print results

As each piece of data you want is independent of the other bits, and there's no locking involved, you can do this even in a shell-script. Here's a shell implementation of bsdfetch. Run as:

pfetch.sh

You can fetch other stuff to display and the script's run-time should barely increase. The slowest bit of data to fetch is the no. of packages on the system--and this too only the first time around: then the system caches that data.

pfetch.sh

#!/bin/sh
#
# pfetch.sh: fetch system info. in parallel (*BSD systems)

set -eu
(set -o pipefail 2>/dev/null) && set -o pipefail
me=${0##*/}

OS=$(uname -s)
case $OS in
FreeBSD|NetBSD|OpenBSD)
	;;
*)	echo >&2 "$me: $OS: unsupported OS"
	exit 1
	;;
esac
[ -n "${KSH_VERSION:-}" ] && alias local=typeset

# Data-collector functions
#
OS() {
	uname -s
}

REL() {
	uname -r
}

VER() {
	uname -v | sed -Ee 's/:.+$//'	# NetBSD's is ridiculously long
}

ARCH() {
	uname -m
}

HOST() {
	hostname
}

USER() {
	if [ -n "$USER" ]
	then	echo "$USER"
	else	id -un
	fi
}

SHELL() {
	if [ -n "$SHELL" ]
	then	echo "$SHELL"
	else	awk -F: -vME=$(id -un) '$1==ME { print $NF }' /etc/passwd
	fi
}

# Print Window Manager name
# Only works with WMs which support EWMH. For others (eg. twm), we guess.
# https://specifications.freedesktop.org/wm-spec/wm-spec-1.3.html
#
WM() {
	[ -n "${DISPLAY:-}" ] || return 1	# not in X

	local ID cmd

	ID=$(xprop -root -notype _NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK | awk '{ print $NF }')
	# check for valid WinID, else trawl through process list
	#
	if echo "$ID" | grep -Eq '^0x[[:xdigit:]]+$'
	then	xprop -id $ID -notype | awk -vID=$ID "$(wm_prog)"
	else	ps -x -o comm= | while read cmd
		do	case $cmd in
			twm)	echo twm; return 0 ;;
			# add other non-EWMH WMs here.
			*)	return 1 ;;
			esac
		done
	fi
}

WxH() {
	[ -n "${DISPLAY:-}" ] || return 1	# not in X
	xdpyinfo | awk '/ +dimensions: / { print $2 }'
}

UPTM() {
	uptime | sed -Ee 's/(^.+ up +)(.+)(, [0-9]+ users.*$)/\2/'
}

LOAD() {
	uptime | sed -Ee 's/^.+rages: //'
}

NPKG() {
	local s

	case $OS in
	FreeBSD)
		s=$(/usr/sbin/pkg info | wc -l)
		;;
	NetBSD|OpenBSD)
		s=$(/usr/sbin/pkg_info | wc -l)
		;;
	esac
	# remove leading/trailing blanks
	echo $s
}

MEM() {
	local M=$((1024 * 1024))

	case $OS in
	FreeBSD)
		echo $(($(sysctl -n hw.realmem) / $M)) MB
		;;
	NetBSD)
		echo $(($(sysctl -n hw.physmem64) / $M)) MB
		;;
	OpenBSD)
		echo $(($(sysctl -n hw.physmem) / $M)) MB
		;;
	esac
}

NCPU() {
	case $OS in
	OpenBSD)
		sysctl -n hw.ncpufound
		;;
	*)
		sysctl -n hw.ncpu
		;;
	esac
}

CPU() {
	local s

	case $OS in
	FreeBSD|OpenBSD)
		s=$(sysctl -n hw.model)
		;;
	NetBSD)
		s=$(sysctl -n machdep.cpu_brand)
		;;
	esac
	# remove leading/trailing blanks
	echo $s
}

GPU() {
	# For all these, the /dev/pci devices must be readable.
	# Do: chmod go+r /dev/pci  (FreeBSD)
	#	         /dev/pci? (NetBSD/OpenBSD)

	case $OS in
	FreeBSD)
		pciconf -lv | awk "$(fbsd_gpu_prog)"
		;;
	NetBSD)
		pcictl pci0 list | awk "$(nbsd_gpu_prog)"
		;;
	OpenBSD)
		pcidump -v | awk "$(obsd_gpu_prog)"
		;;
	esac
}

TEMP() {
	local s

	case $OS in
	FreeBSD|OpenBSD)
		local i=0 N=$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)
		s=$(while [ $i -lt $N ]
		do	if [ $OS = FreeBSD ]
			then	sysctl -n dev.cpu.$i.temperature
			else	sysctl -n hw.sensors.cpu$i.temp0
			fi
			i=$((i + 1))
		done)
		;;
	NetBSD)
		s=$(envstat | awk "$(nbsd_temp_prog)")
		;;
	esac
	echo $s | fold -s
}

LocIP() {
	ifconfig | awk '
/inet / && $2 !~ /^127\./ {
	ip = $2
	sub(/\/[0-9]+$/, "", ip)
	print ip
}
'
}

PubIP() {
	local URL=http://ident.me/
	local CMD

	if   command -v curl
	then	CMD='curl -s -m15'
	elif command -v wget
	then	CMD='wget -qO- -T15'
	elif command -v lynx
	then	CMD='lynx -dump -nolist -connect_timeout=15 -read_timeout=5'
	elif command -v w3m
	then	CMD='w3m -dump_source'
	else	return 1
	fi	>/dev/null 2>&1

	echo $($CMD $URL)
}

BATT() {
	case $OS in
	FreeBSD)
		local i=0 N=$(sysctl -n hw.acpi.battery.units)
		while [ $i -lt ${N:-0} ]
		do	soc=$(sysctl -n hw.acpi.battery.life)
			case $(sysctl -n hw.acpi.battery.state) in
			0)	stat=AC ;;
			1)	stat=Dis ;;
			2)	stat=Chg ;;
			*)	return 1 ;;
			esac
			rem=$(sysctl -n hw.acpi.battery.time)
			if [ $rem -lt 0 ]
			then	rem=--
			else	rem=$((rem / 60)):$((rem % 60))
			fi
			printf '%d%% / %s / %s\n' $soc $stat $rem
			i=$((i + 1))
		done
		;;
	NetBSD)
		envstat | awk "$(nbsd_batt_prog)"
		;;
	OpenBSD)
		sysctl hw.sensors | awk "$(obsd_batt_prog)"
		;;
	esac
}


# Helper functions
#
wm_prog() {
	cat <<\EoF
function die() {
	rc = 1
	exit rc
}
/^_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK: / {
	id = $NF
	if (id !~ /^0x[[:xdigit:]]+$/)
		die()
}
/^_NET_WM_NAME = / {
	name = $0
	if (sub(/^[^"]+"/, "", name) != 1)
		die()
	if (sub(/"$/, "", name) != 1)
		die()
	if (name ~ /^[[:blank:]]*$/)
		die()
}
END {
	if (rc)			# early exit
		exit rc
	if (id != ID)		# not ours
		die()
	if (!name)		# empty name
		die()
	print name
}
EoF
}

fbsd_gpu_prog() {
	cat <<\EoF
function strip(s) {
	sub(/^[[:blank:]]*'?/, "", s)
	sub(/'?[[:blank:]]*$/, "", s)
	return s
}
function pr() {
	if (D["class"] == "display")
		print D["device"]
}
/^[[:alpha:]]+[[:digit:]]@pci[[:digit:]:]{4}/ {
	pr()			# print prev. device if display-class
}
/^[[:blank:]]+(class|device|vendor)[[:blank:]]+= / {
	split($0, a, /=/)
	a[1] = strip(a[1])
	a[2] = strip(a[2])
	D[a[1]] = a[2]
}
END {
	pr()			# print last device if display-class
}
EoF
}

nbsd_gpu_prog() {
	cat <<\EoF
/VGA display, / {
	sub(/^[[:digit:]]{3}:[[:digit:]]{2}:[[:digit:]]: /, "", $0)
	sub(/ \([^)]+\)$/, "", $0)
	print
}
EoF
}

obsd_gpu_prog() {
	cat <<\EoF
/^ ?[[:digit:]]:[[:digit:]]{1,2}:[[:digit:]]: / {
	split($0, a, /: /)
}
/^[[:blank:]]+0x[[:xdigit:]]{4}:[[:blank:]]/ {
	if ($0 ~ /Class: 03 Display,/)
		print a[2]
}
EoF
}

nbsd_temp_prog() {
	cat <<\EoF
/ cpu[0-9]+ temperature: / {
	temp = $3 + 0
	type = $4
	sub(/deg/, "", type)
	printf "%.1f%c\n", temp, type
}
EoF
}

nbsd_batt_prog() {
	cat <<\EoF
$1 == "connected:" {
	ac = $2 == "TRUE" ? "AC" : "BAT"
}
/^\[acpibat[0-9]+\]$/ {		# new battery
	++N
}
/^ +charge: / {
	cap = $2 + 0		# current capacity
	v = $NF			# SoC
	sub(/[()%]/, "", v);
	soc[N] = v + 0
}
/^ +charge rate: / {
	stat[N] = ($3 + 0) > 0 ? "Chg" : ac
}
/^ +discharge rate: / {
	rate = $3 + 0
	if (rate > 0) {
		stat[N] = "Dis"
		s = sprintf("%lf", cap / rate)
		split(s, a, ".")
		hh = a[1] + 0
		mm = 60 * ("." a[2])
		rem[N] = sprintf("%d:%.2d", hh, mm)
	} else
		rem[N] = "--"
}
END {
	for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
		printf "%d%% / %s / %s\n", soc[N], stat[N], rem[N]
}
EoF
}

obsd_batt_prog() {
	cat <<\EoF
BEGIN {
	FS = "="
}
/^hw.sensors.acpiac0.indicator0=/ {
	ac = ($2 ~ /^On /) ? "AC" : "BATT"
}
/^hw.sensors.acpibat[0-9]+.volt0=/ {		# new battery
	split($2, a, /[[:blank:]]/)
	if (a[1] + 0 > 0.0)
		++N
}
/^hw.sensors.acpibat[0-9]+.power0=/ {		# disch./charge rate
	split($2, a, /[[:blank:]]/)
	rate = a[1] + 0
}
/^hw.sensors.acpibat[0-9]+.watthour0=/ {	# last full capacity
	split($2, a, /[[:blank:]]/)
	last = a[1] + 0
}
/^hw.sensors.acpibat[0-9]+.watthour3=/ {	# remaining capacity
	split($2, a, /[[:blank:]]/)
	cap = a[1] + 0
}
/^hw.sensors.acpibat[0-9]+.raw0=/ {		# have all needed values now
	split($2, a, /[[:blank:]]/)
	if      (a[1] == 0)	s = "AC"
	else if (a[1] == 1)	s = "Dis"
	else if (a[1] == 2)	s = "Chg"
	else			s = ac
	stat[N] = s
	soc[N] = int((cap / last) * 100)
	if (stat[N] == "Dis" && rate > 0) {
		s = sprintf("%lf", cap / rate)
		split(s, a, ".")
		hh = a[1] + 0
		mm = 60 * ("." a[2])
		rem[N] = sprintf("%d:%.2d", hh, mm)
	} else
		rem[N] = "--"
}
END {
	for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
		printf "%d%% / %s / %s\n", soc[N], stat[N], rem[N]
}
EoF
}

# M A I N
#
case ${1-} in
-a|-g)	opt=$1 ;;		# box.awk flags
-h)	echo "Usage: $me [-a|-g]"
	exit 0 ;;
*)	opt="" ;;
esac
command -v box.awk >/dev/null && prog="box.awk -- $opt" || prog=cat

# Run all the data-collectors in parallel.
#
# (Since the Bourne shell doesn't support co-processes, use temp. files
# to transfer data between collectors and parent.)
#
D=$(mktemp -d "/tmp/$me.XXXXXXXX") || {
	echo >&2 "$me: can't create tmp. directory. Exiting."
	exit 1
}

# Register cleanup
#
trap 'kill $(jobs -p) 2>/dev/null || true
      rm -rf "$D"' EXIT HUP INT QUIT TERM

# Collector functions to run
#
F="OS REL VER HOST USER SHELL WM WxH NPKG UPTM LOAD"
F="$F MEM ARCH CPU GPU NCPU TEMP LocIP PubIP BATT"

for f in $F
do	$f > "$D/$f" &		# run in background
done

# Wait for all data-collectors to finish
#
wait

# Summarize
#
N=0
for f in $F			# find max. field-width
do	n=${#f}; [ $n -gt $N ] && N=$n
done
for f in $F
do	while read line
	do	if ! echo "$line" | grep -q '^[[:blank:]]*$'
		then	printf '%*s: %s\n' "$N" "$f" "$line"
		fi
	done < "$D/$f"
done | $prog

box.awk

#!/usr/bin/awk -f
#
# Draw a box around input contents using UTF-8 chars (for rounded corners).
# (https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_utf_box.asp)
#
# Use `-a' for a plain ASCII box.
# Use `-g' for a box using VT-100 graphics chars.
#
# Usage: box.awk [-- -a|-g] [FILE...]

function setrowcol(	a, cmd, s) {
	ROWS = ENVIRON["LINES"] + 0
	COLS = ENVIRON["COLUMNS"] + 0
	cmd = "stty -f /dev/tty size 2>/dev/null"
	cmd | getline s
	close(cmd)
	split(s, a)
	ROWS <= 0 && ROWS = a[1] + 0
	COLS <= 0 && COLS = a[2] + 0
	ROWS <= 0 && ROWS = 25
	COLS <= 0 && COLS = 80
}

# Compute length of str, accounting for backspace.
# (ASCII only)
#
function len(str,	a, i, ln, n) {
	n = split(str, a, "")
	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		(a[i] == "\b") ? ln-- : ln++
	ln < 0 && ln = 0
	return ln
}

function box(L, N,	i, n) {
	# If there's too much data or none, just print
	# whatever's there and return.
	if (N == 0 || N+2 > ROWS || LL+4 > COLS) {
		for (i = 1; i <= N; i++)
			print L[i]
		return
	}

	n = COLS/2 - (LL/2 + 4)

	# top of box
	printf "%*s%s", n, "", TL
	for (i = 1; i <= LL+2; i++)
		printf "%s", H
	printf "%s\n", TR

	# box sides & content
	for (i = 1; i <= N; i++)
		printf "%*s%s %-*s %s\n", n, "", V, LL, L[i], V

	# bottom of box
	printf "%*s%s", n, "", BL
	for (i = 1; i <= LL+2; i++)
		printf "%s", H
	printf "%s\n", BR
}

function isutf8(	v) {
	if      ((v = ENVIRON["LC_ALL"]) && v)   ;
	else if ((v = ENVIRON["LC_CTYPE"]) && v) ;
	else if ((v = ENVIRON["LANG"]) && v)     ;
	return v ~ /\.UTF-8/
}

BEGIN {
	# Check for the VT-100 graphic chars. we need.
	cmd = "tput ac 2>/dev/null"
	cmd | getline acsc
	close(cmd)
	canvt = system("test -t 1") == 0 &&
		acsc ~ /jj/ && acsc ~ /kk/ && acsc ~ /ll/ &&
		acsc ~ /mm/ && acsc ~ /qq/ && acsc ~ /xx/
	dovt  = ARGV[1] == "-g" && canvt
	doasc = ARGV[1] == "-a" || !isutf8()
	(ARGV[1] == "-a" || ARGV[1] == "-g") && ARGV[1] = ""		# Gah! awk...

	H  = dovt ? "\033(0q\033(B" : doasc ? "-" : "\xe2\x94\x80"	# U+2500 horiz. bar
	V  = dovt ? "\033(0x\033(B" : doasc ? "|" : "\xe2\x94\x82"	# U+2502 vertical bar
	TL = dovt ? "\033(0l\033(B" : doasc ? "+" : "\xe2\x95\xad"	# U+256D top-left corner
	TR = dovt ? "\033(0k\033(B" : doasc ? "+" : "\xe2\x95\xae"	# U+256E top-right corner
	BR = dovt ? "\033(0j\033(B" : doasc ? "+" : "\xe2\x95\xaf"	# U+256F bot.-right corner
	BL = dovt ? "\033(0m\033(B" : doasc ? "+" : "\xe2\x95\xb0"	# U+2570 bot.-left corner

	setrowcol()
}

{
	if (FN != FILENAME) {	# new file
		FN = FILENAME
		box(L, N)	# print saved prev. file
		LL = N = 0	# reset
	}
	(n = len($0)) > LL && LL = n
	L[++N] = $0
}

END {
	box(L, N)
}

rvp

Unlike Linux and FreeBSD, NetBSD's rm doesn't have an -I flag (which is pretty trivial to add).
Here's a shell script wrapper which implements the -I behaviour.

prm.sh

#!/bin/sh
#
# rm(1) with non-intrusive prompts

set -eu
me=${0##*/}

N=3			# goal--adjust
ND=0			# no. of dirs
NF=0			# no. of files
O=dfiPRrvWx		# NetBSD rm(1) opts (-i deliberate)
OPTS=""

while getopts $O opt
do	case $opt in
	[$O])	OPTS="$OPTS -$opt" ;;
	*)	exit 1 ;;
	esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))

for f
do	if   test -d "$f"
	then	ND=$((ND + 1))
	elif test -e "$f"
	then	NF=$((NF + 1))
	fi
done

if [ $ND -gt 0 ] || [ $NF -gt $N ]
then	read -p "$me: remove $ND dirs./$NF files (y/n)? " ans >&2
	case $ans in
	[Yy]*)	;;		# run
	*)	exit 0 ;;	# do nothing
	esac
fi
exec /bin/rm $OPTS -- "$@"

rvp

Mildly fancy prompts

Multi-shell; colour; shows $PWD (and ~ if $PWD is $HOME); prints $ for users, # for superuser:

# test:
#
# HOME=////tmp////////rvp\'$'s\n"home" dir\n\n/////////////'
# mkdir -p "$HOME"/$'hello\nworld\n'
#

# for NetBSD's /bin/sh:
PSlit=$(printf '\1')

cd() {
	# set -x		# tron

	case $0 in
	ksh|-ksh)	alias local=typeset	# XXX: persists
	esac

	local B E P R S T X Y C1 C2 CE rc

	E=$(printf '\033')	# the great escape
	T=$(printf '\n___')	# trailer for stripping

	case $0 in
	sh|-sh)		X=$PSlit Y=$PSlit ;;
	ksh|-ksh)	X=$PSlit Y=$PSlit B="$X$(printf '\r')" ;;
	bash|-bash)	E='\e'     X='\['     Y='\]' ;;
	dash|-dash)	;;	# nada (esc. seqs. will mess-up long lines)

	*)		command cd -- "$@"	# don't fiddle with PS1
			# set +x
			return $? ;;
	esac

	C1="$X$E[35m$Y"		# magenta
	C2="$X$E[37m$Y"		# white
	CE="$X$E[0m$Y"		# reset attrs.

	command cd -- "$@"
	rc=$?

	# "Canonicalize" strings: ///some//path///// -> /some/path
	# since realpath(1) is not always available.
	#

	# "Canonicalize" source string S
	#
	S=$(dirname "$PWD"; printf ___)
	S=${S%$T}
	S=$S/$(basename "$PWD"; printf ___)
	S=${S%$T}

	# "Canonicalize" replacement string R
	#
	R=$(dirname "$HOME"; printf ___)
	R=${R%$T}
	R=$R/$(basename "$HOME"; printf ___)
	R=${R%$T}

	# Turn /// (resulting from the gyrations above) -> /
	#
	S=$(printf %s___ "$S" | tr -s /)
	S=${S%___}
	R=$(printf %s___ "$R" | tr -s /)
	R=${R%___}

	[ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] && P='#' || P='$'
	T=${S#$R}
	[ "$T" != "$S" ] && S="~$T"

	PS1=$(printf %s "$B${C1}$S$CE ${C2}$P$CE ")

	# set +x		# troff
	return $rc
}

# Force prompt change
cd "$PWD"

This was written for another user on this board (after a few lessons learned--see saga here).
The function is too large for my taste, but it's because you have to:

change $HOME into ~
handle the case where $HOME and $PWD have spaces and/or newlines in them.
ensure that long lines don't mess up the prompt (when it contains esc. sequences like this).
see that it works in the absence of realpath(1).
make all this work on multiple Bourne shells.

Show $PWD unobtrusively in the top right-hand-corner.

#
# Show $PWD in top RHC.
#
cd()
{
	local rc			# ksh needs typeset
	command cd -- "$@"
	rc=$?
	OC=${C:=0}
	set -- $(stty size)
	C=$(($2 - ${#PWD}))
	tput sc cm 0 $OC ce cm 0 $C so	# XXX: FreeBSD has rows & cols reversed
	printf %s "$PWD"
	tput se rc
	return $rc
}

Another one here. Use set -o promptcmds to use it with NetBSD's /bin/sh (if supported!).

rvp

Print the penultimate line of a file (like a shell history file for re-execution):

pen.sh

#!/bin/sh
#
# Print penultimate line

exec sed -n '${g;p};h' "$@"

Using ed (and reading a regular file--ie. not stdin):

#!/usr/bin/env bash

exec ed -s "$1" <<<'$-1p'

Use here-documents instead of here-strings if your shell only has those.

rvp

fzf using an editor.

fzf.sh

#!/bin/sh
#
# fzf(1) using an editor.
#
# remove everything you don't want; save the file; exit.

set -eu
T=$(mktemp -t "${0##*/}.XXXXXXXX")
trap 'rc=$?; rm -f "$T"; exit $rc' EXIT HUP INT QUIT TERM
cat > "$T"
vi -S "$T" </dev/tty >/dev/tty 2>&1
cat "$T"

pfr

rvp
You should also share the fzf pkgsrc script here too! it works great!

seninha

Compare the directory tree (file hierarchy) rooted in /foo/peepee with the tree rooted in /bar/poopoo. I use to compare my PC document's directory to the root of the ereader's SD card.

$ mtree -c -k cksum -p /foo/peepee | mtree -p /bar/poopoo

-c creates a tree specification (without it, mtree(1) compares a tree against a tree specification).
-k cksum specifies what to compare (could be size, time, etc).
-p specifies a directory to use rather than current one.

Example output comparing two git branches of a project.

Makefile: cksum (3551856904, 219989569)
extra: arith.o
data.c: cksum (2189594862, 1960165746)
extra: data.o
eval.c: cksum (2684151138, 3681094928)
extra: eval.o
missing: simp
simp.h: cksum (1142834136, 485139101)
missing: simp.o

Makefile, data.c, eval.c, simp.h, and simp.o differ between trees.
simp and simp.o exist only in the 1st tree.
arith.o, data.o, eval.o exist only in the 2nd tree.

seninha

Add this into your ~/.{k,ba,z}shrc:

alias see='tee /dev/tty'

Now you can see what is going on in a pipe:

$ curl example.com/file.json | see | jq >file.out
<imagine JSON stuff here>

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